Standard 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).
1. Carbohydrates - The SUGARS! contain the elements C,H, and O
Types of Sugars: Monosaccharides (one sugar) and Disaccharides (two simple sugars) Examples: i. Glucose, fructose (fruit sugar), sucrose, lactose (milk sugar) Polysaccharides - more than two simple sugars linked together Examples: ii. Cellulose (makes up wood and leaves) and starch
Foods high in Carbohydrates:
pasta, rice, potato, noodles, bread, fruit, candy
Functions of Carbohydrates:
ENERGY! Carbs go to the mitochondria with oxygen and make ATP (cellular energy)
Structures of Carbohydrates:
POLYSACCHIRIDE like Starch or Cellulose
SUGAR, BUT NOT IN A RING
DISACCHARIDE
2. Lipids - FATS and OILS! contain the elements C, H and O
Long chains of carbon that DO NOT mix with water
Foods high in lipids: dairy, meat, nuts, eggs
Functions of lipids:
1. Making cell membranes! No cell membranes, no life 2. Energy reserve/backup...fat people have more backup energy than skinny people 3. Insulation from the cold...think of a seal or polar bear.
Chemical Structures of Lipids:
Lipid
3. Proteins
contain all six of the major atoms of life SPONCH *proteins are VERY complex *your DNA tells your body which proteins to make *proteins are made from 20 different amino acids * the amino acids link together forming a polypeptide
Foods high in proteins: nuts, meat, eggs, dairy, beans