Section 1: Populations
Have some fun. Visit these population sites!
http://worldmapper.org
http://gapminder.org
Most populous countries in the world:
1China 1,343,239,923
2India 1,205,073,612
3United States 313,847,465July 2012 est
4Indonesia 248,216,193July 2012 est.
5Brazi l205,716,890NA
6Pakistan 190,291,129July 2012 est.
7Nigeria 170,123,740NA
8Bangladesh 161,083,804July 2012 est.
9Russia 138,082,178July 2012 est.
10Japan 127,368,088July 2012 est.
11Mexico114,975,406July 2012 est.
Calculating Growth rate: it's just a percent
Growth rate = change in population / old population X 100
or
Crude birthrate (births per 1000) - Crude death rate (deaths per 1000) / 10 = % growth rate
Doubling Time equals 70 divided by the % growth rate
Dt=70/rate
Population Pyramids: http://www.lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=126
High growth on the left, slow growth in the middle, and negative growth on the right.
Model of Demographic Transition for countries:
Stage 1 Preindustrial: High birth, high death rates, population stable
Stage 2 Transitional: High birth, low death, population explodes
Stage 3 Industrial: Births low, death low, population huge but slowing
Stage 4 Postindustrial: Low birth, low death, population coming down
Survivorship Curves:
The red curve shows a k strategist. The animals live long lives and less young die
The blue curve shows an r strategist where they have tons of kids and most die.
The black middle curve shows some of each
Graph of Carrying Capacity: The geometric increase up to the carrying capacity is called the
Biotic Potential
Vocabulary Populations
Carrying Capacity: the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area.
Demography: The study of populations
r-strategist: reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring (ex. insects, mice).
K-strategist: reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce late, bear few, cared for offspring (ex. humans, elephants).
Thomas Malthus: “human population cannot continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine & pestilence (disease).”
Doubling Time: (rule of 70) doubling time equals 70 divided by percent growth rate. (ex. a population growing at 5% annually doubles in 70 ÷ 5 = 14 years)
Replacement Level Fertility: the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (averages 2.1 in more developed nations, 2.7 in less developed nations).
World Population: 7 billion.
Total Fertility Rate: births per women in their lifetime
ZPG: Zero Population Growth
Low Status of Women: Most important factor keeping population growth rates high
Methods to Decrease Birth Rates: family planning, contraception, economic rewards & penalties.
Tragedy of the commons: Air, lakes, soil. They are parts of the ecosystem that belong to no one alone, but to everyone.
Demography: The study of populations
r-strategist: reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring (ex. insects, mice).
K-strategist: reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce late, bear few, cared for offspring (ex. humans, elephants).
Thomas Malthus: “human population cannot continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine & pestilence (disease).”
Doubling Time: (rule of 70) doubling time equals 70 divided by percent growth rate. (ex. a population growing at 5% annually doubles in 70 ÷ 5 = 14 years)
Replacement Level Fertility: the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (averages 2.1 in more developed nations, 2.7 in less developed nations).
World Population: 7 billion.
Total Fertility Rate: births per women in their lifetime
ZPG: Zero Population Growth
Low Status of Women: Most important factor keeping population growth rates high
Methods to Decrease Birth Rates: family planning, contraception, economic rewards & penalties.
Tragedy of the commons: Air, lakes, soil. They are parts of the ecosystem that belong to no one alone, but to everyone.
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